Archives of Psychiatric Nursing
Volume 23, Issue 3 , Pages 261-268 , June 2009

Prevalence and Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome Among Patients Attending an Outpatient Clozapine Clinic in Australia

References 

  1. Alphs L, Anand R. Clozapine: The commitment to patient safety. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1999;60:39–42
  2. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed.. 1994;Washington, DC
  3. Babidge N, Buhrich N, Butler T. Mortality among homeless people with schizophrenia in Sydney, Australia: A 10 year follow up. Acta Psychiatrica Scandanivica. 2001;103:81
  4. Berk M, Fitzsimmons J, Lambert T, Pantelis C, Kurkani J, Castle D, et al. Monitoring the safe use of clozapine. CNS Drugs. 2007;21:117–127
  5. Brunero S, Lamont S, Myrtle L, Fairbrother G. Blue Card: A hand-held health record card for mental health consumers with co-morbid physical health risk. Australasian Psychiatry. 2008;7(16):238–243
  6. Correll C, Frederickson A, Kane J, Manu P. Does antipsychotic polypharmacy increase the risk for metabolic syndrome?. Schizophrenia Research. 2007;89:91–100
  7. Colton C, Manderscheid R. Congruencies in increased mortality rates years of potential life lost, and causes of death among public mental health clients in eight states. Preventing Chronic Disease. 2006;3:1–13
  8. Dixon L, Weiden P, Delahanty J, Goldberg R, Postrado L, Lucksted A, et al. Prevalence and correlates of diabetes in national schizophrenic samples. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2000;26:903–912
  9. Gentile S. Long-term treatment with atypical antipsychotics and the risk of weight gain. Drug Safety. 2006;29:303–319
  10. Goethe J, Szarek B, Caley C, Woolley S. Signs and symptoms associated with the metabolic syndrome in psychiatric inpatients receiving antipsychotics. A retrospective chart review. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2007;68:22–28
  11. Henderson D, Cageliero E, Gray C, Nasrallah R, Hayden D, Schoenfeld D, et al. Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weigh gain, and lipid abnormalities: A five year naturalistic study. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2000;157:975–981
  12. Henderson D, Louie P, Koul P, Namey L, Daley T, Nguyen D. Modafinil-associated weight loss in a clozapine-treated schizoaffective disorder patient. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry. 2005;17:95–97
  13. Holmberg S, Kane C. Health and self-care practices of persons with schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services. 1999;50:827–829
  14. Holt R. Association between antipsychotic drugs and diabetes. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2006;8:125–135
  15. International Diabetes Federation . Worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome. Available at: http://www.idf.org/home/index.cfm?unode=1120071E-AACE-41D2-9FA0-BAB6E25BA0722007;Accessed 14th February 2008
  16. Kane J, Honigfeld G, Singer J, Meltzer H. Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic. A double blind comparison with chlorpromazine. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1988;45:789–796
  17. Kohen D. Physical health in mental illness: Psychiatric shared responsibility. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment. 2005;11:457–458
  18. L'Italien G, Casey D, Kan H, Carson W, Marcus R. Comparison of metabolic syndrome incidence among schizophrenia patients treated with aripriprazole versus olanzapine or placebo. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2007;68:1510–1516
  19. Lambert T, Velakoulis D, Pantelis C. Medical co morbidity in schizophrenia. Medical Journal of Australia. 2003;178:s67–s70
  20. Lamberti J, Olson D, Crilly J, Olivares T, Williams G, Tu X, et al. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among patients receiving clozapine. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2006;163:1273–1275
  21. Lawrence D, Holman D, Jablensky A, Hobbs M. Death rate from ischaemic heart disease in Western Australian psychiatric patients 1980–1998. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182:31–36
  22. Lewis S, Barnes T, Davies L, Murray R, Dunn G, Hayhurst K, et al. Randomised controlled trial of effect of prescription of clozapine versus other second-generation antipsychotic drugs in resistant schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2006;32:715–723
  23. Mackin P, Watkinson H, Young A. Prevalence of obesity, glucose homeostasis disorders and metabolic syndrome in psychiatric patients taking typical or atypical antipsychotic drugs: A cross-sectional study. Diabetlogia. 2005;48:215–221
  24. McCabe R, Saidi M, Priebe S. Patient-reported outcomes in schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2007;191:s21–s28
  25. Mcevoy J, Meyer J, Goff D, Nasrallah H, Davis S, Sullivan L, et al. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: Baseline results from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) schizophrenia trial and comparison with national estimates from NHANES III. Schizophrenia Research. 2005;80:19–32
  26. Mclaughlin T, Reaven G, Abbasi F, Lamendola C, Saad M, Waters D, et al. Is there a simple way to identify insulin-resistant individuals at increased risk of cardiovascular disease?. American Journal of Cardiology. 2005;www.AJConline.org
  27. Miles C. Conditions predisposing to suicide: A review. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders. 1977;164:231–245
  28. National Suicide Prevention Strategy . Department of Health and Ageing. http://www.aodgp.gov.au/internet/wcms/publishing.nsf/Content/mental-suicide-overview1999;Accessed 15th February 2008
  29. National Cholesterol Education Program . National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/about/ncep/1985;Accessed 17th June 2008
  30. Nasrallah H. Metabolic findings from the CATIE trial and their relation to tolerability. CNS Spectrums. 2006;11:32–39
  31. Newcomer J. Antipsychotic medications: Metabolic and cardiovascular risk. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2007;68:8–13
  32. Newcomer J. Metabolic considerations in the use of antipsychotic medication: A review of recent evidence. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2007;68:20–27
  33. Palmer B, Pankratz S, Bostwick J. The lifetime risk of suicide in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2005;62:247–253
  34. Procyshyn R, Wasan K, Thornton A, Barr A, Chen E, Pomarol-Clotet E, et al. Changes in serum lipids, independent of weight, are associated with changes in symptoms during long term clozapine treatment. Journal of Psychiatry Neuroscience. 2007;32:331–338
  35. Rationale for the New Worldwide Definition of Metabolic Syndrome . Available at: http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/Metabolic_syndrome_rationale.pdf2007;Accessed 14th February 2008
  36. Ruano G, Zollner S, Goeth J. Drug-induced metabolic syndrome (DMS) in psychiatry: A diagnostic need uniquely suited to pharmacogenomics. In:  Linder M,  Valdes R,  Wong S editor. Clinical pharmacogenomics. AACC Press, American Association of Clinical Chemistry; 2005;
  37. Ruschena D, Mullen P, Burgess P, Cordner S, Barry-Walsh J, Drummer O, et al. Sudden death in psychiatric patients. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1998;173:270–271
  38. Ryan M, Collins P, Thakore J. Impaired fasting glucose tolerance in first episode, drug naive patients with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;160:284–289
  39. Saha S, Chant D, Mcgrath J. A systematic review of mortality in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2007;64:1123–1131
  40. Sernyak M. Implementation of monitoring and management guidelines for second generation antipsychotics. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2007;68:14–18
  41. Straker D, Correll C, Kramer-Ginsberg E, Abdulhamid N, Koshy F, Rubens E, et al. Cost effective screening for the metabolic syndrome in patients treated with second generation antipsychotic medications. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;162:1217–1221
  42. Suvisaari J, Saarni S, Perala J, Suvisaari J, Harkanen T, Lonnqvist J, et al. Metabolic syndrome among persons with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders in a general population survey. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2007;68:1045–1055
  43. Thakore J. Metabolic disturbance in first-episode schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2004;184:s76–s79
  44. Thomas P. The stable patient with schizophrenia—from antipsychotic effectiveness to adherence. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007;17:s115–s122
  45. Usher K, Foster K, Park T. The metabolic syndrome and schizophrenia: The latest evidence and nursing guidelines for management. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2006;13:730–734
  46. Volvaka J, Nolan K, Kline L, Czobor P, Citrome L, Sheitman B, et al. Efficacy of clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder assessed with nurses observation scale for inpatient evaluation. Schizophrenia Research. 2005;76:127–129
  47. World Health Organization . In:  Alwan A,  King H editor. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Geneva: World Health Organization, Department of Non communicable Disease Surveillance; 1999;p. 1–59
  48. Wirshing D, Wirshing W, Nystrom M, Buc P. Medicolegal considerations in the treatment of psychosis with second generation antipsychotics. Psychiatric Times. 2004;21:
  49. Wu M, Wang C, Bai Y, Huang C, Lee S. Outcomes of obese, clozapine-treated inpatients with schizophrenia placed on a six month diet and physical activity program. Psychiatric Services. 2007;58:544–550
  50. Yumru M, Savas H, Kurt E, Kaya M, Selek S, Savas E, et al. Atypical antipsychotics related metabolic syndrome in bipolar patients. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2007;98:247–252

PII: S0883-9417(08)00137-4

doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2008.06.007

Archives of Psychiatric Nursing
Volume 23, Issue 3 , Pages 261-268 , June 2009