Highlights
- •Carer involvement has a positive impact on service users’ illness trajectory.
- •Little is known specifically about parent carers in forensic mental health services.
- •Parents in forensic mental health services experience severe difficulties in getting support by the healthcare professionals.
- •Parent felt compelled to act in a demanding advocacy role, increasing the burden impact within the parents’ everyday lives.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of parents
in forensic mental health services with regard to their cooperation with healthcare
professionals and their role as parent carers. 15 participants were interviewed using
qualitative, in-depth interviews and transcripts were analysed thematically. The identified
themes were ‘Medical dominance’, ‘Interactions with healthcare professionals’, and
‘Advocating for their daughter/son’. The themes were associated with the overall theme
‘perceived impact on the parents' everyday lives’. The results suggest that parent
carers perceive a malalignment between the institutional medicalised treatment focus
and the need for an integrated holistic approach, which would include them as partners.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Archives of Psychiatric NursingAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Expressed emotion in schizophrenia: An overview.Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine. 2012; 34: 12-20https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.96149
- Meta-analysis of caregiver-directed psychosocial interventions for schizophrenia.Community Mental Health Journal. 2018; 54: 983-991https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-018-0289-x
- The offense as perceived by the parents of forensic psychiatric patients.Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 2017; 38: 705-711https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2017.1326993
- The methodological position of symbolic interactionism.in: Symbolic interactionism. Perspective and method. University of California Press, Berkeley, Calif. London1986: 1-60
- A survey exploring the provision of carers' support in medium and high secure services in England and Wales.Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology. 2009; 20: 868-885https://doi.org/10.1080/14789940903174154
- A qualitative systematic review of caregivers' experiences of caring for family diagnosed with schizophrenia.Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 2020; 1–17https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2019.1710012
- Why involve families in acute mental healthcare? A collaborative conceptual review.BMJ Open. 2017; 7https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017680
- Families' experiences of involvement in care planning in mental health services: An integrative literature review.Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2017; 24: 412-430https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12369
- Implementing family involvement in the treatment of patients with psychosis: A systematic review of facilitating and hindering factors.BMJ Open. 2014; 4e006108https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006108
- Pårørende i psykiatrien; fortid, nutid og fremtid - et forskningsoprids.Nordisk Tidsskrift for Helseforskning. 2016; 12https://doi.org/10.7557/14.4048
- Inpatient forensic-psychiatric care: Legal frameworks and service provision in three European countries.International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. 2016; 47: 18-27https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2016.02.027
- Review of psychiatric services to mentally disordered offenders around the Pacific Rim.Asia-Pacific Psychiatry. 2014; 6: 1-17https://doi.org/10.1111/appy.12109
- Experiences of parents with a son or daughter suffering from schizophrenia.Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2003; 10: 552-560https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2850.2003.00624.x
- Taking parents seriously: The experiences of parents with a son or daughter in adult medium secure forensic mental health care.International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. 2018; 27: 1535-1545https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12455
- The forgotten families; a systematic literature review of family interventions within forensic mental health services.The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology. 2020; 31: 823-836https://doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2020.1799054
- Empirically Testing Thematic Analysis (ETTA): Methodological implications in a textual analysis coding system.Nordic Nursing Research. 2015; 5: 193-207https://doi.org/10.18261/ISSN1892-2686-2015-02-10
- In-depth interviews.in: Qualitative methodology and health research. SAGE, Los Angeles2014: 95-125
- Mental disorder in Polish families: Is diagnosis a predictor of caregiver's burden?.Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2011; 46: 363-372https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-010-0200-8
- Physical health and mental illness: Listening to the voice of carers.Journal of Mental Health. 2017; 26: 127-133https://doi.org/10.3109/09638237.2016.1167854
- The schizophrenic patient in the community and his effect on the household.International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 1966; 12: 165-176https://doi.org/10.1177/002076406601200301
- Engaging with families is a challenge: Beliefs among healthcare professionals in forensic psychiatric care.Nursing Research and Practice. 2015; 10https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/843717
- Involving patients, carers and families: An international perspective on emerging priorities.BJPsych International. 2017; 14: 1-4https://doi.org/10.1192/s2056474000001550
- Relative invisibility: An integrative review of carers' lived experiences of a family member's emergency mental health crisis.Social Work in Mental Health. 2018; 16: 601-626https://doi.org/10.1080/15332985.2018.1467845
- Caregiver burden: A concept analysis.International Journal of Nursing Sciences. 2020; 7: 438-445https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.07.012
- Carers of forensic mental health in-patients: What factors influence their satisfaction with services?.Journal of Mental Health. 2013; 22: 528-535https://doi.org/10.3109/09638237.2013.841873
- Introducing dyadic interviews as a method for collecting qualitative data.Qualitative Health Research. 2013; 23: 1276-1284https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732313501889
- Service user experience in adult mental health: improving the experience of care for people using adult NHS mental health services. Clinical guideline [CG136].(19 January 2021)2011
- Mental health of adults in contact with the criminal justice system. NICE guideline [NG66].(21 March 2017)2017
- Schizophrenia and violent crime: The experience of parents.International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. 2006; 29: 57-67https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2004.07.002
- Ethical guidelines for nursing research in the Nordic countries.
- Caregiver burden and stress in psychiatric hospital admission.Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2019; 72: 1699-1706https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0832
- Caregiver burden and the associated factors in the family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.Nursing Open. 2022; (n/a(n/a))https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1205
- Exploring family carer involvement in forensic mental health services.(Retrieved from)
- How do carers view their relationship with forensic mental health services?.Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice. 2017; 17: 232-248https://doi.org/10.1080/24732850.2017.1326804
- Family support groups for family members of mentally ill offenders: Family expectations and experiences.International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. 2018; 62: 4854-4874https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X18780943
- Family support groups for family members of mentally ill offenders: Therapeutic factors.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy. 2018; 39: 186-199https://doi.org/10.1002/anzf.1296
- How family members of mentally ill offenders experience the internment measure and (forensic) psychiatric treatment in Belgium: A qualitative study.International Journal of Law andPsychiatry. 2017; : 76-82https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2017.05.003
- The role and experiences of family members during the rehabilitation of mentally ill offenders.International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 2016; 39 (ID: 1095): 11-19https://doi.org/10.1097/MRR.0000000000000152
- Long-term forensic mental health services: An exploratory comparison of 18 European countries.International Journal of Forensic Mental Health. 2016; 15: 333-351https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2016.1221484
- Carers of long-stay patients' perspectives of secure forensic care: An exploratory qualitative study.International Journal of Forensic Mental Health. 2019; 18: 305-315https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2018.1552635
- Service user.(Retrieved from)
- Psychological distress in carers of people with mental disorders.British Journal of Medical Practitioners. 2010; 3
- Factors associated with the burden of family caregivers of patients with mental disorders: A cross-sectional study.BMC Psychiatry. 2017; 17: 353https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1501-1
- Part two: The developmental research sequence. Making a taxonomic analysis.Waveland Press INC, Long Grove, Illinois1980
- Family involvement and patient-experienced improvement and satisfaction with care: A nationwide cross-sectional study in Danish psychiatric hospitals.BMC Psychiatry. 2021; 21: 190https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03179-1
- Pårørende i psykiatrien. Magt og afmagt i psykiatrien.(Retrieved from)
- Nursing definitions.(Retrieved from)
- A matter of trust and distrust: a qualitative investigation of parents' perceptions about the use of mechanical restraint on their adult children in a forensic psychiatric setting.J. Forensic Nurs. 2019; 15: 120-130https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0000000000000237
- Family needs and burdens of mentally ill offenders.International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 2002; 25: 25-32https://doi.org/10.1097/00004356-200203000-00004
- Prevalance and characteristics of long-stay patients: Results from a study in England.in: Völlm B. Braun P. Long-term forensic psychiatric care. Clinical, ethical and legal challenges. Springer, Cham2019: 63-78
- Ethical considerations when conducting joint interviews with close relatives or family: An integrative review.Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. 2018; 32: 515-526https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12535
- Impact of patients' psychiatric hospitalization on caregivers: A systematic review.Psychiatric Services. 2015; 66: 527-535https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201400135
- WMA declaration of Helsinki – Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects.(Retrieved from)
- The effectiveness of support groups: A literature review.Mental Health and Social Inclusion. 2018; 22: 85-93https://doi.org/10.1108/MHSI-12-2017-0055
- Gender differences in caregiving among a schizophrenia population.Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 2019; 12: 7-13https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.S187975
Article info
Publication history
Published online: July 15, 2022
Accepted:
July 9,
2022
Received in revised form:
June 21,
2022
Received:
March 21,
2022
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc.