Advertisement
Research Article| Volume 44, P122-128, June 2023

Download started.

Ok

The effect of Self-Regulation Based Cognitive Psychoeducation Program on emotion regulation and self-efficacy in children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Published:April 20, 2023DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2023.04.005

      Highlights

      • In this article, we share the results of an experimental study on the effect of a psychoeducational program for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
      • We particularly focus on the development of emotion regulation and self-efficacy.
      • Our results show that it helps increase emotion regulation and self-efficacy.

      Abstract

      Aim

      This study aimed to determine the effect of Self-Regulation Based Cognitive Psychoeducation Program on emotion regulation and self-efficacy in children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and receiving medication.

      Method

      The sample of this study with control group and pre-test, post-test and follow-up randomized experimental design consisted of children followed in the child and adolescent mental health outpatient clinic of a state hospital. The data were evaluated by parametric and non-parametric analyses.

      Results

      A statistically significant increase was determined in the internal functional emotion regulation mean scores of children, who participated in the Self-Regulation Based Cognitive Psychoeducation Program, measured before, immediately after, and 6 months after the intervention (p < 0.05). A statistically significant increase was also found in their external functional emotion regulation mean scores measured before and 6 months after the intervention (p < 0.05). In addition, a statistically significant difference was found between their internal dysfunctional and external dysfunctional emotion regulation mean scores measured before and 6 months after the intervention; however the mean scores of those in the control group 6 months after the intervention were higher than those in the intervention group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant increase in their self-efficacy mean scores measured before and 6 months after the intervention (p < 0.05).

      Conclusion

      The Self-Regulation Based Cognitive Psychoeducation Program was found be effective in increasing the levels of emotion regulation and self-efficacy in children with ADHD.

      Keywords

      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to Archives of Psychiatric Nursing
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Almasi N.G.
        The comparison of self-efficacy dimensions in ADHD and normal students.
        Open Journal of Medical Psychology. 2016; 5: 88-91https://doi.org/10.4236/ojmp.2016.54010
        • Biederman J.
        • et al.
        Longitudinal course of deficient emotional self-regulation CBCL profile in youth with ADHD: Prospective controlled study.
        Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 2012; 8: 267https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S29670
        • Bunford N.
        • Dawson A.E.
        • Evans S.W.
        • Ray A.R.
        • Langberg J.M.
        • Owens J.S.
        • Allan D.M.
        The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale–Parent Report: A psychometric investigation examining adolescents with and without ADHD.
        Assessment. 2020; 27: 921-940
        • Brydges C.R.
        Effect size guidelines, sample size calculations, and statistical power in gerontology.
        Innovation in Aging. 2019; 3: igz036https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz036
        • Cassone A.R.
        Mindfulness training as an adjunct to evidence-based treatment for ADHD within families.
        Journal of Attention Disorders. 2015; 19: 147-157https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054713488438
        • Caye A.
        • et al.
        Relative age and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Data from three epidemiological cohorts and a meta-analysis.
        Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2020; 59: 990-997https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2019.07.939
        • Campeño-Martínez Y.
        • et al.
        Efficacy of an intervention program for attention and reflexivity in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
        Mind, Brain, and Education. 2017; 11: 64-74https://doi.org/10.1111/mbe.12136
        • Catalá-López F.
        • et al.
        The pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: Protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
        Systematic Reviews. 2015; 4: 1-10https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-015-0005-7
        • Cattelino E.
        • et al.
        Self-efficacy, subjective well-being and positive coping in adolescents with regard to COVID-19 lockdown.
        Current Psychology. 2021; : 1-12https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01965-4
        • Chauhan A.
        • et al.
        Burden of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Indian children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
        Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 2022; : 1-9https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-021-03999-9
        • Christiansen H.
        • et al.
        Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and emotion regulation over the life span.
        Current Psychiatry Reports. 2019; 21: 1-11https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-019-1003-6
        • Costello C.A.
        • Stone S.L.M.
        Positive psychology and self-efficacy: Potential benefits for college students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities.
        Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability. 2012; 25: 119-129
        • Çam M.O.
        • Topcu E.M.
        Childhood attentıon defıcit hyperactivity disorder and mental health and diseases nursing.
        Ege University Journal of Nursing Faculty. 2019; 35.3: 147-154
        • Davies W.
        Sex differences in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Candidate genetic and endocrine mechanisms.
        Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology. 2014; 35: 331-346https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.03.003
        • Duy B.
        • Yildiz M.A.
        Adaptation of the regulation of emotions questionnaire (REQ) for adolescents.
        Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal. 2014; 5: 23-35
        • England-Mason G.
        Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic feature in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
        Current Developmental Disorders Reports. 2020; 7: 130-138https://doi.org/10.1007/s40474-020-00200-2
        • Gambin M.
        • Święcicka M.
        Relationships of self-efficacy beliefs to executive functions, hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention in school-aged children.
        Polish Journal of Applied Psychology. 2015; 13: 33-42https://doi.org/10.1515/pjap-2015-0024
        • Graziano P.A.
        • Garcia A.
        Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and children's emotion dysregulation: A meta-analysis.
        Clinical Psychology Review. 2016; 46: 106-123https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.04.011
        • Hannesdottir D.K.
        • Ingvarsdottir E.
        • Bjornsson A.
        The OutSMARTers program for children with ADHD: A pilot study on the effects of social skills, self-regulation, and executive function training.
        Journal of Attention Disorders. 2017; 21: 353-364https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054713520617
        • Heiman T.
        • Olenik-Shemesh D.
        • Eden S.
        Cyberbullying involvement among students with ADHD: Relation to loneliness, self-efficacy and social support.
        European Journal of Special Needs Education. 2015; 30: 15-29https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2014.943562
        • Jonkman L.M.
        • Hurks P.P.
        • Schleepen T.M.J.
        Effects of memory strategy training on performance and event-related brain potentials of children with ADHD in an episodic memory task.
        Neuropsychological Rehabilitation. 2016; 26: 910-941https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2015.1070735
        • Karadağ Y.
        • Güzel H.Ş.
        The comparison of self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents with and without Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), parents’ parental self-efficacy beliefs, and ADHD symptoms.
        Yeni Symposium. 2020; 58
        • Karakaya D.d.
        • Özgür G.
        Effect of a solution-focused approach on self-efficacy and self-esteem in Turkish adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
        Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services. 2019; 57: 45-55https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20190708-01
        • Kirk H.
        • et al.
        Impact of attention training on academic achievement, executive functioning, and behavior: A randomized controlled trial.
        American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. 2017; 122: 97-117https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-122.2.97
        • Martin A.J.
        Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), perceived competence, and self-worth: Evidence and implications for students and practitioners.
        in: Handbook of children with special health care needs. 2012: 47-72
        • Martin G.
        Self-regulation interventionsfor Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in the Classroom.
        in: Proceedings of the 22nd International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities. Scientia Moralitas Research Institute, 2021
        • Midkiff M.F.
        • Lindsey C.R.
        • Meadows E.A.
        The role of coping self-efficacy in emotion regulation and frequency of NSSI in young adult college students.
        Cogent Psychology. 2018; 5: 1520437https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2018.1520437
        • Monopoli W.J.
        • et al.
        Assessment of a conceptually informed measure of emotion dysregulation: Evidence of construct validity vis a vis impulsivity and internalizing symptoms in adolescents with ADHD.
        International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research. 2020; 29: 1-14https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1826
        • Morris S.S.J.
        • et al.
        Emotion regulation via the autonomic nervous system in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Replication and extension.
        Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2020; 48: 361-373https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-019-00593-8
        • Ormrod J.E.
        Baloğlu M. Psychology of learning. Pearson, Nobel, Ankara2015
        • Pandey A.
        • et al.
        Effectiveness of universal self-regulation–based interventions in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
        JAMA Pediatrics. 2018; 172: 566-575https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.0232
        • Pfiffner L.J.
        • et al.
        Educational outcomes of a collaborative school–home behavioral intervention for ADHD.
        School Psychology Quarterly. 2013; 28: 25https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000016
        • Polanczyk G.V.
        • et al.
        ADHD prevalence estimates across three decades: An updated systematic review and meta-regression analysis.
        International Journal of Epidemiology. 2014; 43: 434-442
        • Pur I.G.
        Emotion regulation intervention for complex developmental trauma: Working with street children.
        Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2014; 159: 697-701https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.471
        • Reddy L.A.
        • et al.
        A critical review of self-regulated learning interventions for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
        Psychology in the Schools. 2018; 55: 609-628https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22142
        • Resch C.
        • et al.
        Classroom interventions targeting sensory processing and executive functions of school-aged children: a systematic review comparing and contrasting different intervention approaches.
        Maastricht University, Maastricht2019 (Available online at: https://www. nro. nl/sites/nro/files/migrate/nroeindrapportage-405-18-637. pdf (accessed April 19, 2021))
        • Rivera-Flores G.W.
        Self-instructional cognitive training to reduce impulsive cognitive style in children with Attention Deficit with Hyperactivity Disorder.
        Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology. 2015; 13: 27-46
        • Sánchez M.
        • et al.
        Emotion regulation in participants diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, before and after an emotion regulation intervention.
        Frontiers in Psychology. 2019; 10: 1092https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01092
        • Santonastaso O.
        • et al.
        Clinical application of mindfulness-oriented meditation: A preliminary study in children with ADHD.
        International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17: 6916https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186916
        • Silverstein M.J.
        • et al.
        The relationship between executive function deficits and DSM-5-defined ADHD symptoms.
        Journal of Attention Disorders. 2020; 24: 41-51https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054718804347
        • Storebø O.J.
        • Andersen M.E.
        • Skoog M.
        • Hansen S.J.
        • Simonsen E.
        • Pedersen N.
        • Gluud C.
        Social skills training for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children aged 5 to 18 years.
        Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2019;
        • Taskiran C.
        • et al.
        Clinical features and subjective/physiological responses to emotional stimuli in the presence of emotion dysregulation in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
        Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 2018; 40: 389-404https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2017.1353952
        • Telef B.B.
        • Karaca R.
        The self-efficacy scale for children; a validity and reliability study.
        Journal of Buca Faculty of Education. 2012; 32: 169-187
        • Thompson R.A.
        Emotion dysregulation: A theme in search of definition.
        Development and Psychopathology. 2019; 31: 805-815https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579419000282
        • Vacher C.
        • et al.
        Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy on aggressive behavior in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and emotion dysregulation: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.
        Trials. 2022; 23: 124https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-022-05996-5